Overview
The TOC-2 assesses aspects of the English writing system that are integral to proficient reading and writing. These aspects include letters, spelling, punctuation, abbreviations, and special symbols. The TOC-2 has a single form that can be administered to individuals or groups. The test yields standard scores and percentiles for both subtests and composites.
Suitable for
For use with ages 8 years to 24 years and 11 months.
Product Description
Subtests
The TOC-2 has six subtests:
1. Punctuation. The test taker is given a list of printed sentences that contain no punctuation except for spacing between the words (e.g., where is edward b brown). The task is for the student to supply the missing punctuation by editing the sentence.
2. Abbreviations. The test taker is given a list of printed abbreviations (e.g., 4:00, Dr., USA) and is asked to write what each abbreviation means.
3. Sight Spelling. The test user says a word and the test taker is shown part of the word where one or more of the letters is missing (e.g., the examiner says the word know and the student sees “ __ow”.) The student is asked to fill in the missing letter or letters (which include an irregular or unusual orthographic element) to complete the spelling of the word.
4. Homophone Spelling. The test user says a word (e.g., oar) and the student is shown a picture (e.g., a picture of a boat oar) and the student is asked to provide the correct spelling of the homophone that is represented by the picture (i.e., the student must write the word “oar”).
5. Word Scramble. The test taker is shown sets of scrambled letters that can be rearranged to spell real words (e.g., the letters nra can be rearranged to spell the word ran). The student has three minutes to re-order as many groups of letters into words as possible.
6. Letter Choice. The test taker is shown rows of words where one of four letters (p, d, b, or q) is missing from the word (e.g., _etter where the letter b is missing from the word or sai_ where the letter d is missing from the word). The student is given two minutes to write in the correct letters that will make each one into a real word.
Composites
The TOC-2 has five composites. These composites are derived from combining the results of the subtests to achieve stronger and better indices of performance. The scores of these composites are more reliable and valid than the subtests.
1. Orthographic Knowledge (OK). This composite is formed by combining the scaled scores from all six of the subtests: Punctuation, Abbreviations, Sight Spelling, Homophone Spelling, Word Scramble, and Letter Choice. It is the best estimate of a student’s overall orthographic knowledge because it is the most reliable and valid score on the TOC-2.
2. Conventions (CO). This composite is formed by combining the scaled scores from the Punctuation and Abbreviations subtests. This composite represents the non-spelling (and sometimes not even alphabetic) aspects of the English writing system that are important to meaningful reading and writing.
3. Spelling Accuracy (SA). This composite is formed by combining the scaled scores from the Sight Spelling and the Homophone Spelling subtests. This composite represents a student’s ability to accurately spell the irregular element of words and produce the correct spelling for a word that is a homophone.
4. Spelling Fluency (SF). This composite is formed by combining the scaled scores from the Word Scramble and the Letter Choice subtests, both timed tests. This composite represents a student’s accuracy as well as speed of processing and recalling letter strings and spelling patterns. Spelling Fluency can be compared to the Spelling Accuracy composite to determine whether a student has developed accurate orthographic images but does not process these visual images quickly or automatically.
5. Spelling Efficiency (SE). This composite is formed by combining the four spelling tests: Sight Spelling, Homophone Spelling, Word Scramble, and Letter Choice. This composite represents both a student’s accuracy and speed of processing and recalling letter strings and spelling patterns, and is useful as an estimate of orthographic processing.
Normative Scores
Access to the TOC-2 Online Scoring and Report System is included with the purchase of each TOC-2 Complete Kit and with the purchase of every replacement pack of Student Response Booklets. This scoring and reporting system is a quick, efficient tool for (a) entering test session data; (b) converting subtest item scores or total raw scores into scaled scores; (c) generating composite index scores, percentile ranks, and upper and lower confidence intervals; (d) comparing TOC-2 performances to identify significant intra-individual differences; and (e) obtaining a score summary or narrative report. Inclusion of the software eliminates the need to include normative tables in the Examiner’s Manual and ensures accurate calculation of scores.
The TOC-2 Online Scoring and Report System yields four types of normative scores: age and grade equivalents, percentile ranks, subtest scaled scores, and composite index scores. Percentiles provide the examiner with an index that is easily understood by parents and other with whom the test results are to be shared. Subtest scaled scores are based on a distribution having a mean of 10 and a standard deviation of 3. Composite indexes are based on a distribution having a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15. Age and grade equivalents are indexes of relative standing that translate subtest raw scores into orthographic ability ages.
Qualification level required:
Level 2. Please see our Test User Qualifications page for guidance.
Duration
Administration takes 30 to 40 minutes.
Release Note
2022
